Climate Change And Its Effects On Humans - 1733 Words

Climate Change Earth is the only known habitable planet to support life. Over 6 billion humans and billions of other living things depend on the earth’s climate to survive. However, since the past century things start to change due to human activity as well as natural occurrences. The unpredicted weather conditions, wild fires and earth quakes have killed and displaced thousands of humans and animals, and wiped out few species from the face of the earth. Some animals and plants are facing the same fate disappearing from the face of the planet due to lack of suitable habitats. Since the beginning of modern technologies, humans have expanded the use of resources widely by adding greenhouse gases such as CO2, without understanding the consequences it might brought on the existence of all living things including their own species. Human’s action is widely believed to be cause for the rise of earth’s temperature. Climate change, which is responsible for extreme weather condition, e arth quakes, and severe drought and famine. Climate change poses economical, and environmental threat to every nation. Therefore, climate change is a real event occurring every day, and affecting every living organism throughout the planet. To assess the threat posed by global warming, it is important to look at its causes and effects to present comprehensive solutions, and requires cooperation of every nation to address the issue before the problem becomes permanent. Humans have already observed theShow MoreRelatedClimate Change Is An Effect Of Human Action983 Words   |  4 PagesClimate change has been a growing problem over the past few decades, which is hurting our Earth, therefore, hurting humanity. With the help of big name companies lowering their emissions and developing and developed countries putting effort into helping the cause, it is possible to reduce the speed at which this global problem is happening. This is a real problem and it must be stopped. Countries all across the world, developed and developing alike, must carry the burden of mitigating climate changeRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Human Activities864 Words   |  4 PagesClimate change is a highly talked about topic. Scientist have been studying this for many and many years. There are facts that say climate change occurs from natural things like volcanic eruptions, solar activity, and orbital change. Scientist say that its caused by human activities. This is being sent to you because you need to know that climate change is happening from humans more then other things like natural processes. You have inspired me to try my hardest to get to the top and be my best becauseRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effects On Human Civilization1923 Words   |  8 PagesBarring only a handful of old people represented by a red elephant, climate change is recognized as the most pressing contemporary environmental issue. In fact, there is an endless stream of studies and research articles published daily about climate change and the eventual effects it will have on human civilization. For the purposes of simplicity, I’m going to take the most extreme stance and say unchecked pollution-induced climate change will result in a combination of polar icecap melting and ozoneRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Human Activities1041 Words   |  5 PagesFraudulence of Climate Change Humans have been emitting increasingly large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere since the industrial revolution. A common misconception created by the Liberal Left is that this pollution is harmful to the atmosphere and is a direct cause of climate change. However many studies have disputed this claim, conversely concluding that pollution caused by human activities are not correlated to climate change in any way. In the theory of climate change, there is oneRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Human And Natural Systems Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesCarbon Sequestration The rapid change in our climate due to anthropogenic forces has caused the Earth’s average temperature to rise to an unparalleled level in human history. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as well as the cyclical processes of the Earth and Sun, affect the warming of our oceans and atmosphere. Although processes other than anthropogenic practices modify the climate, our influence on the climate since the Industrial Revolution has been unmatched. According to theRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Arctic Sea Through The Glaciers And Human Impact879 Words   |  4 PagesIf I have the honor to be accepted to attend the DIS Copenhagen program, I plan on studying the environment and organisms in the Arctic Sea through the Glaciers and Human Impact: Icelandic Climate Change Case Study, along with Biological Conservation and Biodiversity with Lab, and Biology of Marine Mammals with Lab. As I am hopefully moving to Denmark in the future, I plan on taking Danis h I II which will help me understand the culture and language more efficiently and cover my language requirementsRead MoreWhat Role Has Human Activity Played in Causing Climate Change?678 Words   |  3 PagesThe change in global climate is the most powerful problem that currently occurs on the earth. The problems of climate change may be caused by both of human activities and natural events. Climate change is the changes that affect the world’s weather, including shifts in temperature, ocean level, land, and precipitation. The climate change phenomenon can affect everything in the world not only natural environment, but also human society, and the world economy. This essay aims to evaluate the role ofRead MoreProject Proposal: Effects of Climate Change1322 Words   |  6 PagesProject Proposal: Effects of Climate Change The final research paper generated from the Project Proposal: Effects of Climate Change will discuss the question, what Americans can do to reduce climate change health effects? Various research publications by credible sources advise, global warming climate change has an affect on human health. Climate change and the impact on human health can be connected through direct or indirect variables. The Importance I feel as though if we start at a youngRead MoreEnvironmental Issues Of Human Rights Violations947 Words   |  4 PagesAt both the international and domestic levels, defining the environmental issues as human rights violations in legal terms is a complex task. However, in the last decade, petitions and suit cases against climate change issue were gradually filed. In 2006, the first suit case against the Environmental Protection Agency was reached to the U.S Supreme Court (Aminzade, 2006). A petition claimed that climate change through emissions and air pollutants caused harm to public health and welfare. This caseRead MoreClimate Change Is A Serious Problem1123 Words   |  5 PagesClimate Change is a Serious Problem to the Planet â€Å"Climate change is happening, humans are causing it, and I think it is perhaps the most serious environmental issue facing us.† This quote from Bill Nye illustrates the serious nature of climate change. Climate change is the most serious issue that is plaguing the world. Global temperatures have been increasing in recent years and it is clear that our climate is changing. Climate change is the change of temperature and weather in our environment

The New Deal - 1585 Words

Do you know what it’s like to live in a cardboard home, starve, and raise a family in poverty? Unfortunately, most Americans in the 1930s went through this on a day-to-day basis. In 1929 the stock market crashed. Many people lost their life savings; they invested everything they owned in a failing stock market. The country was falling, everyone needed strong leadership and help from the government. Devastation and desperation started on Thursday, October 24, 1929. There was a strong sense of panic in the air at the Stock Exchange. The stocks were dropping, alarmingly fast; the worried American tried desperately to keep their savings. Markets began to steady again on Friday and Saturday only to sweep back down the following Monday. By†¦show more content†¦Roosevelt† 2-3). Not only did the programs of the New Deal protect finances, they gave money back to Americans too. For instance, the Social Security Act (SSA) provided many citizens with a newfound sense of se curity by creating a program the paid the injured, blind, and deaf (â€Å"Franklin D. Roosevelt† 4). Another new program was created, the Farm Security Administration (FSA) help farmers out by loaning millions of dollars. The FSA also set up camps for migrant workers. Sure, there we’re relief programs aimed towards helping America, but none quite like the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). Mr. Harry Hopkins of FERA set out the â€Å"revitalize many deteriorating relief programs†. He did just that. FERA sent out five million dollars to local, depleted relief programs in its first two hours alone (â€Å"Franklin D. Roosevelt† 1). In some cases, mortgages had to be refinanced in order to be saved; the Home Owners Loan Corporation was created to help with this issue (â€Å"Franklin D. Roosevelt† 3). As one can imagine, different groups of people were affected, and helped differently thorough out the Great Depression. For example, The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 gave the Native Americans back the ownership of unallocated lands and put a stop to the selling of any tribal lands (â€Å"Franklin D. Roosevelt† 2). In some cases, Union Workers were favored over others. The Wagner Act legalized practices such asShow MoreRelatedThe New Deal997 Words   |  4 Pagesmade by nature. They are made by human beings. The New Deal was a plan that was consecrated during the mid-20th Century by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in order to ordain financial reform, direct relief and economic provision. These dispositions were able to constitute our modern foundation of our true economic stability and financial reformation, despite our nation’s current financial status due to our later United States presidents. The New Deal has been depicted as a vital approach to the nation’sRead MoreThe New Deal1023 Words   |  5 Pagesstate of affairs and a desire for a new approach on â€Å"fixing the national economic crisis† (Hurley). The new president would not let down the nation. During his first two terms in office, FDR â€Å"enforced legislation through Congress that set a new standard for government intervention in the economy† (wm.edu). The change he made for the nation was radical, the plan would create a lasting impact that benefitted the country for years to come. Although the New Deal did not end the Great Depression, itRead MoreProgressivism, The New Deal, And The Fair Deal1267 Words   |  6 PagesAn Overview of Progressivism, the New Deal, and the Fair Deal in the US Nameï ¼Å¡Xuan Wang Course: HIST 13C Date: 2017-08-26 The 20th century is one of the influential periods in the history of the United States. The period was characterized by the introduction of a wide range of policy frameworks with the purpose of bringing about necessary social and economic change. The government based interventions relied on the premise of ensuring that the country development was sustainable andRead MoreThe Big Deal About The New Deal916 Words   |  4 PagesThe big deal about the new deal When looking at the new deal in the 1930’s it is hard to say anything with conviction. From the start of the great depression to the war little was black and white. The reasoning you gave to the situation would probably give a clue as to where you fit in the status quo. However, this paper is about bringing to light if I think the new deal was successful or not. In my opinion yes the new deal was a success, though not entirely in the way intended. To start off IRead MoreA New Deal A New America891 Words   |  4 Pagescommonly referred to as FDR, is without a doubt one of these leaders. FDR made new laws, put forth many ideas, and raised the public’s morale before, during, and after WWII. He affected America in such a way that he brought us out of the slum of Great Depression. Even though Franklin D. Roosevelt put America in debt, his new deal policy gave millions of Americans jobs, stimulated the economy, raised public moral, and introduced new big government tactics. He was truly the people’s president. It is trueRead MoreThe New Deal Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe New Deal The New Deal had three aims Relief, which was to help with unemployment, Recovery to rebuild the economy and to return USA to the 1920s economic boom. The New Deal was not a complete success, but it did prevent things from getting worse, it dealt with unemployment in a way. One of the aims of the New Deal was to provide Relief; I am going to assess the successes and failures of this aim. The role of the FERA, they were kind of a success because theyRead MoreThe Legacy Of The New Deal Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagesthe program the New Deal, came to presidency. It was a series of social liberal programs applied in the United States in 1933-1938 in response to the Great Depression. The New Deal was focused on three main principles: relief, recovery, and reform.[footnoteRef:1] They promised to bring the country to prosperity and economically stable future. However, the Conservatives criticized the New Deal during the whole period of the reforms. It was expressed by Herbert Hoover in Anti-New Deal Campaign SpeechRead MoreThe New Deal: DBQ1337 Words   |  6 Pagescrashed, heralding the tumble into world-wide depression. President Hoover tried to pacify the people by telling them it was temporary and would pass over. But a new figure rose out of the people, promising he would do anything and everything he could to restore their lives. In 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to the presi dency, and his new policies would soon sweep over the country. Roosevelts responses to the problems of the Great Depression were successful in strengthening the power of the federalRead MoreOutline Of A New Deal872 Words   |  4 PagesI will introduce the New Deal. I will identify it, discuss the important background circumstances for it, and assess the historical significance. The  New Deal  was a series of  social and economic programs enacted in the United States to fix the depression When Franklin D. Roosevelt became president in 1933. The New Deal had two period that was the First New Deal which was from1933 to 1934 and the Second New Deal which was from 1935 to 1938. Moreover, the New Deal had three main cores: Relief, RecoveryRead MoreThe Legacy Of The New Deal1426 Words   |  6 Pagesdesperately looked for a sign of hope. The ultimate end to the Great Depression was undoubtedly World War II. However, it was FDR’s New Deal that shed the light of hope on America’s citizens. The programs of the New Deal transformed the role of the government by the implication of numerous laws in order to stop the economy from getting any worse. The New Deal came with three new main themes: relief, recovery and reform. Roosevelt himself acknowledges the importance of them in his Address in 1934, â€Å"In the

Experiential Introduction of Auditing & Journal of Accounting

Question: Analyse the financial performance of the two companies based on your calculations, identifying and discussing the purposes of calculating those ratios and the weaknesses of ratios analysis.? Answer: Introduction In modern business times, there exists an intense competition among the business firms. It is important for the organizations to perform a competitive analysis to sustain in the competitive environment. Financial statement analysis assists the business organizations to perform such kind of internal and external assessments of their respective financial positions. The given report will shed light on the business firms Sainsbury and Tesco. This will be evaluated through the analysis of financial statements of both the organizations for the last two years. Both these two organizations are retail giants of United Kingdom and market share of both the organizations are on the higher side (Ongore and Kusa, 2013). Financial status of both the organizations The financial status of both the organizations can be analyzed with the assist of financial ratios. There are various types of financial ratios. These are liquidity, profitability, efficiency and gearing ratios. All these ratios help to interpret the financial position of the firm with respect to its close competitors. With the help of financial ratios, the organization can control their strategies and forecast them for the future. On the contrary, there are several disadvantages of these ratios. One of the biggest limitations or weakness of financial ratios is that it is based on historical data analysis and it does not include all the elements of a financial statement of an organization. However, the below financial analysis will reflect the analysis of both the organizations in terms of their financial statements. The stakeholders and investors of a business organization can take different investment decisions based on the interpretation of financial ratios (Hall, 2013) Liquidity ratios Liquidity ratios reflect the liquidity status of a business firm. This further interprets that capability of a firm to meet their short-term debt obligations. Jiang and Lee (2012) interprets that liquidity ratio has a direct correlation with the working capital cycle of a firm. If the business organizations like Sainsbury and Tesco are capable to manage their working capital cycle, then, they can easily improve their liquidity status on the eyes of the stakeholders. Current ratio and quick ratio are the two main types liquidity ratios that assist the firm to interpret the liquidity status of both the organizations (Mawani, 2012) Current ratio and Quick ratio of Sainsbury Sainsbury Current Ratio= Current Assets- Current liabilities Quick Ratio= Current Assets-Stock-Prepaid expenses/Current Liabilities 2013 0.610272873 0.293419 2014 0.644789357 0.496231 2015 0.638595984 0.494583 Table 1: Liquidity ratio of Sainsbury Current ratio and Quick ratio of Tesco Tesco Current ratio Quick Ratio 2015 0.603635 0.475298 2014 0.727698 0.595435 2013 0.689808 0.490261 Table 2: Liquidity ratio of Tesco The calculations of liquidity ratios have been presented in appendices of the report (Refer to Appendix 1). The above analysis reflects that the both the organizations have performed considerably well to maintain their liquidity status in accordance to their investors. However, the liquidity ratios of Sainsbury are better than the organization Tesco. This reflects that Sainsbury is maintaining its working capital cycle better than its closest competitor Tesco. The liquidity of the firm Tesco has declined than previous years. On the contrary, Sainsbury is successful in maintaining a higher liquidity ratio from the last three financial years. Current ratio reflects about the working capital management of the business organizations. In terms of current ratio, Sainsbury has performed slightly better than Tesco. In addition to this, Quick ratio interprets about the liquidity status of the organization by excluding inventory and prepaid expenditure. Sainsbury has a better quick ratio than Tesco. This reflects that the organization is utilizing its working capital expenses by managing their inven tory and prepaid expenditure. In terms of liquidity, the investors will opt for Sainsbury rather than Tesco. Profitability ratios The financial ratios also help to interpret the profit position of a business organization. These can be done through effective implementation of profitability ratios. These are in the form of Gross profit, net profit and operating profit margin. All the profitability ratios will assist an investor of an organization to interpret how well the organizations are managing their profits in terms of their sales revenue (Bekaert and Hodrick, 2012). The below analysis will reflect the profit status of both the firms. Gross profit, net profit and operating profit margin of Tesco and Sainsbury Sainsbury Gross profit ratio Net profit margin Operating profit margin 2015 0.047613039 -0.00698 0.003197 2014 0.018539396 0.029897 0.039334 2013 0.019611209 0.026349 0.035189 Table 3: Profit margin ratios of Sainsbury Tesco Gross profit ratio Net profit margin Operating profit margin 2015 -0.03391 -0.09217 -0.0962 2014 0.063093 0.015325 0.041396 2013 0.063077 0.001913 0.033752 Table 4: Profit margin ratios of Tesco Table 2 reflects about the reflection of profitability margin of Sainsbury from three consecutive financial years that is from 2013-2015. Gross profit margin interprets the capability of the firm in utilizing its sales margin to earn higher profitability status by minimizing the direct expenses. The gross profit margin of Sainsbury has increased by a higher percentage. On the contrary, table 4 reflects about the profit position of the retail firm Tesco. Tesco has a lower profit margin and it is on the declining stage. In the last financial year that is 2014-2015, all the profit margin of Tesco is on the negative side. This further interprets that Tesco has failed to develop a higher margin or percentage of sales revenue. The firm has also failed to cut down their respective direct and indirect expenses. In addition to this, the organization has also lagging far behind than its closest competitor Sainsbury. However, Table 1 interprets that the net profit margin of Sainsbury is negativ e, still the gross profit margin and operating margin is on positive. Since, the net profit margin of the firm is negative, it interprets that the organization has a higher indirect and operating expenses. This is not a good sign for the organizations as they are failed to control the operating expenses by a large percent. Therefore, it is of great essence for both firms Tesco and Sainsbury to cut down their expenses to increase their profit margin in terms of their sales revenue. All the calculations of the profitability ratios are shown in the list of Appendices. Financial Ratios (Gearing) Gearing ratios interpret the total amount of percentage of financial risks present within the business firms. The primary types of financial ratios are debt-equity ratio, interest coverage ratio and equity financing. Debt equity ratio of the organization reflects about the percentage of debt in terms of its total equity. Higher debt equity ratio interprets that that the particular firm is exposed to financial risk and a higher chance to liquidate and become bankrupt. On the contrary, interest coverage ratio of a business firm the manner in which the firm is capable to meet up with the debt expenditure by covering up the interest expenses. If the given interest coverage ratio is lower, then, it reflects that the firm is not at all capable in meeting up its debt expenses by covering up the total amount of interest expenses. Therefore, it is necessary for the firm to keep a higher amount of interest coverage ratio. A higher ratio will reflect the capability of a firm to meet the respect ive interest expenses (Gifford and Howe, 2012). Gearing ratios of Tesco and Sainsbury Sainsbury Financial Gearing Ratio Equity gearing Interest Coverage ratio 2015 0.736276 2.028652 5.121951 2014 0.850256 1.882784 12.06107 2013 0.874716 1.91757 11.19531 Table 5: Gearing ratio of the organization Sainsbury Tesco Financial Gearing Ratio Equity gearing Interest Coverage ratio 2015 0.280081 0.954808 -8.66733 2014 0.289274 0.871193 11.12081 2013 0.267246 0.763488 10.71685 Table 6: Gearing ratio of the organization Tesco The table 5 interprets about the gearing ratio of the firm Sainsbury in the previous three financial years from 2013-2015. The organization Sainsbury has a higher interest coverage ratio than the firm Tesco. However, this ratio of the firm has declined by a certain percentage from the previous year. This cannot be considered as a positive sign for Sainsbury internally, as there are lagging to meet their interest expenses of their respective debt expenditure. On the contrary, interest coverage ratio of Tesco is lower and on the negative side. Therefore, the management of the organization Tesco is extremely suffering to match up with their interest expenses of their debt expenditure. From an investor point of view, this is a negative sign for the retail firm Tesco as they are not capable to cover their debt expenses. In case of equity gearing ratio, Sainsbury has a higher equity-gearing ratio and is on the higher side in the current financial year. This means that the retail firm is de pended on the debt source of financing for their respective source of funds. On the contrary, Tesco also has an equity-gearing ratio of 0.95 which is also on the higher side. However, by comparing both equity gearing and interest coverage ratio, Sainsbury has a higher percentage of interest coverage ratio and also a higher equity gearing ratio. Therefore, it reflects that the firm is capable of meeting their debt requirements even if there is a higher amount of debt. On the contrary, Tesco has a higher equity gearing ratio and a lower interest coverage ratio. Therefore, they are not at all capable to fulfill their debt obligations. In terms of financial gearing ratio, Sainsbury is ahead in comparison with Tesco. It reflects that the organization has a higher financial risk than Tesco. From the eyes of investors and shareholders, Tesco is more exposed to financial risk than Sainsbury. This is mainly because of the fact that Sainsbury has an efficient working capital cycle and interest coverage period (Epstein and Lee, 2014). Therefore, Sainsbury can be recomme nded in terms of its gearing ratio in accordance to their financial statements. Financial Ratios (Efficiency) The efficiency ratios of the organization reflect the manner in which the firm manages their inventories, assets, debtors and creditors. In case of asset turnover ratios, the firm will be able to judge their respective utilization of assets in terms of their sales revenue. If this ratio is higher, then, it will be favor the business firm. In addition to this, stock turnover ratio highlights the manner in which the organization utilizes and manages their inventory in terms of their sales. However, if this ratio is too much high, then it will reflect that the firm is possessing excessive inventory. On the contrary, if the firm is having an extreme lower inventory then, the firm is having shortage of stock. Therefore, it is of great essence to keep the stock turnover ratio in check. Debtors turnover ratio reflects in what course of time the debtors are able to pay their debts to the firm (Drury, 2013). On the contrary, creditors turnover ratio interprets in what time the creditors are p aying off their debts to the organization. Both these ratios need to be lower for the particular business organization. The analysis of the given two ratios of the firm is evaluated through the below tables:- Sainsbury Asset Turnover ratio Creditors turnover ratio Debtors turnover ratio Stock Turnover Ratio 2015 3.765659 62.33978 37.63384 0.04418 2014 5.006459 490.4783 246.345 0.044544 2015 5.253323 46.66525 288.1156 0.044811 Table 7: Efficiency ratio of Sainsbury Tesco Asset Turnover ratio Creditors turnover ratio Debtors turnover ratio Stock Turnover Ratio 2015 0.473945459 67.57187828 2.969648 0.045706071 2014 0.477747412 57.75654704 4.098751 0.060053403 2015 0.458892105 22.83345865 4.442051 0.061887366 Table 8: Efficiency ratio of Tesco Table 7 and Table 8 reflect about the efficiency ratios if the firm Sainsbury and Tesco in terms of asset turnover ratio, creditors turnover ratio, debtors turnover ratio and stock turnover ratio. In case of asset turnover ratio, Sainsbury has a higher asset turnover ratio more than Tesco. On the other hand, this ratio has declined from the last two financial years. In case of Tesco, this ratio has increased from last two financial years, but, not in terms of Sainsbury. In case of Creditors turnover ratio, Sainsbury has a lower rate than Tesco. This reflects that the creditors of the firm are paying off their debts in time. On the other hand, Tesco has a higher creditors turnover ratio which reflects that the organization is not successful in gaining the confidence of their creditors. This is the reason why, the creditors of the firm is not clearing off their debts in the given period. In case of debtors turnover ratio, Sainsbury has an upper debtors turnover ratio. This reflects tha t the debtors are not paying off their debt to the firm in time. In addition to this, the organization Tesco has a lower debtor turnover ratio in the given three financial years. This also reflects that the debtors of the organization have a trust over the management of the firm Tesco. In case of Stock turnover ratio, Tesco has a better stock turnover ratio than Sainsbury. Tesco is successful in managing and clearing off their debts in terms their inventory. However, Sainsbury is not that much successful in managing their inventory than Tesco in the given last three financial years. This reflects that there may be a shortage of stock for Sainsbury in accordance to their sales or demand of the customers. This can add up to the customer grievances of the firm (Hodgkinson, 2012). Recommendations to both Sainsbury and Tesco Financial ratio has several loopholes. These are in terms of lack of coverage of all the elements that requires matching up with the requirements with the various stakeholders and it is based on historical data analysis. However, the primary advantage of the financial ratios is it helps the organizations in forecasting purpose. Based on the analysis of the given ratio analysis of Sainsbury and Tesco, more than a few recommendations can be given to both the retail firms. Recommendations to Tesco The retail firm Tesco requires improving their liquidity status to rally their working capital needs and requirements in the competitive business environment. The working capital balance of Tesco is lower; therefore, the organization needs to minimize their cost of capital and other operating costs to attain a higher margin of profit. In addition to this, the organization may effective change their capital structure by minimizing their debt structure and obtaining source of fund through equity. The operating expenses of the firm Tesco is extremely high and this is the reason why the firm is earning negative profit or going into losses. These recommendations will assist the organization to succeed in the long-run. In addition to this, the organization Tesco may use their fixed assets to generate sales effectively. This will further assist the organization to increase their sales. Recommendations to Sainsbury Sainsbury needs to improve their debtors turnover ratio and stock turnover ratio. This can be done by paying off their debtors timely. The organization may clear off their excess inventory in time or may use their assets more effectively to generate sales. The firm may use several forecasting tools to forecast the demand for their products so that there is no shortage of inventory. Conclusion Financial statement analysis of Sainsbury and Tesco reflects that both the firms have several merits and demerits. Based on financial ratios, several recommendations have been given to both the organizations and this will further assist them to minimize their loopholes. References Gifford, R. and Howe, H. (2012). Rosies East End Restaurant: An experiential introduction to auditing.Journal of Accounting Education, 30(2), pp.207-219 Hall, J. (2013).Introduction to accounting information systems. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Hodgkinson, R. (2012). Introduction.Accounting and Business Research, 42(3), pp.237-238 Jiang, X. and Lee, B. (2012). Do Decomposed Financial Ratios Predict Stock Returns and Fundamentals Better?.Financial Review, 47(3), pp.531-564 Maricica, M. and Georgeta, V. (2012). Business Failure Risk Analysis using Financial Ratios.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 62, pp.728-732. Mawani, A. (2012). Introduction to the Special Issue.Account Perspect, 11(2), pp.75-76. Mehta, A. (2012). Financial Performance of UAE Banking Sector- AComparison of before and during Crisis Ratios.International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, pp.381-387. Ryan, C. and Irvine, H. (2012). Not-For-Profit Ratios for Financial Resilience and Internal Accountability: A Study of Australian International Aid Organisations.Australian Accounting Review, 22(2), pp.177-194. Drury, C. M. (2013). Management and cost accounting. Springer. Brigham, E.,and Ehrhardt, M. (2013). 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